Canada, formerly the Dominion of Canada, is the northernmost country in the North American continent. It is a decentralized federation consisting of 10 states and 3 territories, governed by a constitutional monarchy, established by the Confederation law in 1867. Covering almost half of the North American continent, it is the second largest country in the world after the Russian Federation in terms of surface area. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the Pacific Ocean to the west, Alaska and the Arctic Ocean to the north, and the USA to the south. Its length from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean is 5000 km, and its length from the America-Canada border to the north is 4480 km.
